- Test configurationG1 EDU-4, Dex3-1 three-finger hands, firmware 1.04ipa-benchmark-press, ipa-benchmark-detail
- Energy and endurance239 W mean power and 1:49 h derived per-charge endurance in the defined typical scenarioipa-benchmark-detail
- Walking speed0.49 m/s slow and 0.84 m/s fast walking measured with 3D trackingipa-benchmark-detail
- Thermal constraintOutstretched arms could shut down after one to two minutes without added payloadipa-benchmark-detail
- Collision forceMean peak forces of approximately 510 N at the chest and 530 N at the abdomen in specified walking collisionsipa-safety-guide-2025, ipa-safety-2026, ipa-benchmark-press
- Stability and recoveryNo balance loss on cable-channel steps or a 20% ramp; recovery depended on floor frictionipa-benchmark-detail
- CybersecurityBluetooth remote-code-execution vulnerability found in the tested software stateipa-benchmark-press, ipa-benchmark-detail
- Delivered autonomyRemote-controlled walking available after delivery; further capabilities require user implementationipa-benchmark-detail
HU-R005 / v1 / independent benchmark
Unitree G1 EDU-4 × Fraunhofer IPA
The first independently measured record in HumanoidUptime: a specified G1 configuration tested for energy use, movement, stability, safety, security and industrial suitability.
Evidence verdict
Established. Claimed. Unknown.
No separate manufacturer-only claim is material to this record.
- Total benchmark hours, repeat counts and uncertainty
- Failure and human intervention rate
- MTBF and MTTR
- Availability in a scheduled field deployment
Audit conclusion
Fraunhofer publishes useful measurements that reveal concrete operating constraints, including scenario-based power draw, derived per-charge endurance, actuator overheating and collision force. The controlled single-unit benchmark does not establish field availability, failure frequency, intervention rate or repair time, and the public material does not report repeat counts or uncertainty for most tests.
01 / Disclosure
The public reliability record
02 / Claims audit
Claim by claim
G1 EDU-4, Dex3-1 three-finger hands, firmware 1.04
Fraunhofer identifies the tested configuration and states that the unit was delivered in May 2025; results should not be generalized to other variants or firmware versions without qualification.
Sources: ipa-benchmark-press, ipa-benchmark-detail239 W mean power and 1:49 h derived per-charge endurance in the defined typical scenario
Fraunhofer measures power in standardized standing and walking conditions and derives maximum operating times from those results. The 1:49 figure is not presented as an observed continuous field run or cumulative runtime. Fraunhofer also reports 154 W standing, 272 W level walking, 283 W at 10% incline and a derived 2:49 h for standing only.
Sources: ipa-benchmark-detail0.49 m/s slow and 0.84 m/s fast walking measured with 3D tracking
A 3 kg load did not reduce steady walking speed in the described test, but increased acceleration and deceleration time by several tenths of a second.
Sources: ipa-benchmark-detailOutstretched arms could shut down after one to two minutes without added payload
Fraunhofer attributes the shutdown and dropping arms to actuator overheating. No frequency across repeated trials or recovery time is published.
Sources: ipa-benchmark-detailMean peak forces of approximately 510 N at the chest and 530 N at the abdomen in specified walking collisions
Fraunhofer's public safety guide states that displayed values are mean peak forces from at least three trials per scenario with the robot in fast mode at about 1 m/s. It does not publish the underlying observations, spread or unit-to-unit variation.
Sources: ipa-safety-guide-2025, ipa-safety-2026, ipa-benchmark-pressNo balance loss on cable-channel steps or a 20% ramp; recovery depended on floor friction
Self-stabilization was strong in the described tests, while standing up from the back failed on smooth tile and wood because the arms could slip.
Sources: ipa-benchmark-detailBluetooth remote-code-execution vulnerability found in the tested software state
Fraunhofer reports that the vulnerability persisted across several firmware updates and was subsequently closed by a newer update.
Sources: ipa-benchmark-press, ipa-benchmark-detailRemote-controlled walking available after delivery; further capabilities require user implementation
This is the observed baseline of the tested EDU configuration, not a claim about every later software stack built on the platform.
Sources: ipa-benchmark-detail03 / Timeline
What changed, and when
-
Test unit delivered
Fraunhofer identifies the test platform as a G1 EDU-4 delivered in May 2025 with Dex3-1 hands and firmware 1.04.
ipa-benchmark-press, ipa-benchmark-detail -
Safety findings described
Fraunhofer discusses collision-force testing of the G1 and the implications for operation near people.
ipa-safety-2026 -
Standardized benchmark announced
Fraunhofer publishes the benchmark framework and selected G1 results across six test categories.
ipa-benchmark-press -
Detailed measurements published
The extended account adds energy, speed, stability, thermal, cleanliness and cybersecurity observations.
ipa-benchmark-detail -
HumanoidUptime evidence review
Energy results were marked as scenario-derived endurance and collision-test repeat information was added from Fraunhofer's public safety guide.
ipa-benchmark-press, ipa-benchmark-detail, ipa-safety-guide-2025, ipa-safety-2026
04 / Source ledger
Review the evidence
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ipa-safety-guide-2025Independent research institute
Leitfaden: Funktionale Sicherheit humanoider Roboter ↗
Fraunhofer IPA · Published 2025-10-25 · Accessed 2026-09-04
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ipa-safety-2026Independent research institute
Humanoide Roboter – Status quo, Potenziale und Forschungstätigkeiten (Teil 3 von 3) ↗
Fraunhofer IPA · Published 2026-02-12 · Accessed 2026-09-04
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ipa-benchmark-pressIndependent research institute
Fraunhofer IPA develops standardized analyses for application-relevant criteria of humanoid robots ↗
Fraunhofer IPA · Published 2026-05-27 · Accessed 2026-09-04
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ipa-benchmark-detailIndependent research institute
Humanoide Roboter: Standardisierte Analysen für anwendungsrelevante Kriterien ↗
Fraunhofer IPA · Published 2026-06-03 · Accessed 2026-09-04